环信即时通讯 IM Flutter 快速入门

更新时间:2022-09-07

通过本文可以实现一个集成聊天 SDK 的简单 app。

下图展示在客户端发送和接收一对一文本消息的工作流程。

 img

如上图所示,发送和接收单聊消息的步骤如下:

  1. 客户端向你的应用服务器请求 Token,你的应用服务器返回 Token。
  2. 客户端 A 和客户端 B 使用获得的 Token 登录环信即时通讯系统。
  3. 客户端 A 发送消息到环信即时通讯服务器。
  4. 环信即时通讯服务器将消息发送到客户端 B,客户端 B 接收消息。

开始前,请确保你的开发环境满足如下要求:

  • Xcode 12.4 或以上版本,包括命令行工具;
  • iOS 10 或以上版本;
  • Android SDK API 等级 21 或以上版本;
  • Android Studio 4.0 或以上版本,包括 JDK 1.8 或以上版本;
  • CocoaPods 包管理工具;
  • Flutter 2.10 或以上版本;
  • Dart 2.16 或以上版本;

配置开发或者运行环境如果遇到问题,请参考这里 - 有效的环信即时通讯 IM 开发者账号和 App Key,详见 环信即时通讯云控制台

使用命令创建项目

打开终端,进入需要创建项目的目录,输入命令进行 flutter create 项目创建:

flutter create quick_start

设置 Android

  1. 打开文件 quick_start/android/app/build.gradle 在文件最后添加:
android {
    defaultConfig {
        minSdkVersion 21
    }
}
  1. quick_start/android/app/proguard-rules.pro 中设置免混淆规则:

-keep class com.hyphenate.** {*;}
-dontwarn  com.hyphenate.**

设置 iOS

打开文件 quick_start/ios/Runner.xcodeproj,然后:

  1. 找到 TARGETS > Runner GeneralDeployment Info 中修改最低版本为 iOS 10.0

集成 SDK

在终端命令行,输入命令添加依赖:

cd quick_start
flutter pub add im_flutter_sdk
flutter pub get

打开 quick_start/lib/main.dart 文件,引入头文件:

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:im_flutter_sdk/im_flutter_sdk.dart';

修改 _MyHomePageState 代码:

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
  ScrollController scrollController = ScrollController();
  String _username = "";
  String _password = "";
  String _messageContent = "";
  String _chatId = "";
  final List<String> _logText = [];

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _initSDK();
    _addChatListener();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text(widget.title),
      ),
      body: Container(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.only(left: 10, right: 10),
        child: Column(
          crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.stretch,
          mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.max,
          children: [
            TextField(
              decoration: const InputDecoration(hintText: "Enter username"),
              onChanged: (username) => _username = username,
            ),
            TextField(
              decoration: const InputDecoration(hintText: "Enter password"),
              onChanged: (password) => _password = password,
            ),
            const SizedBox(height: 10),
            Row(
              mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceEvenly,
              children: [
                Expanded(
                  flex: 1,
                  child: TextButton(
                    onPressed: _signIn,
                    child: const Text("SIGN IN"),
                    style: ButtonStyle(
                      foregroundColor: MaterialStateProperty.all(Colors.white),
                      backgroundColor:
                          MaterialStateProperty.all(Colors.lightBlue),
                    ),
                  ),
                ),
                const SizedBox(width: 10),
                Expanded(
                  child: TextButton(
                    onPressed: _signOut,
                    child: const Text("SIGN OUT"),
                    style: ButtonStyle(
                      foregroundColor: MaterialStateProperty.all(Colors.white),
                      backgroundColor:
                          MaterialStateProperty.all(Colors.lightBlue),
                    ),
                  ),
                ),
                const SizedBox(width: 10),
                Expanded(
                  child: TextButton(
                    onPressed: _signUp,
                    child: const Text("SIGN UP"),
                    style: ButtonStyle(
                      foregroundColor: MaterialStateProperty.all(Colors.white),
                      backgroundColor:
                          MaterialStateProperty.all(Colors.lightBlue),
                    ),
                  ),
                ),
              ],
            ),
            const SizedBox(height: 10),
            TextField(
              decoration: const InputDecoration(
                  hintText: "Enter the username you want to send"),
              onChanged: (chatId) => _chatId = chatId,
            ),
            TextField(
              decoration: const InputDecoration(hintText: "Enter content"),
              onChanged: (msg) => _messageContent = msg,
            ),
            const SizedBox(height: 10),
            TextButton(
              onPressed: _sendMessage,
              child: const Text("SEND TEXT"),
              style: ButtonStyle(
                foregroundColor: MaterialStateProperty.all(Colors.white),
                backgroundColor: MaterialStateProperty.all(Colors.lightBlue),
              ),
            ),
            Flexible(
              child: ListView.builder(
                controller: scrollController,
                itemBuilder: (_, index) {
                  return Text(_logText[index]);
                },
                itemCount: _logText.length,
              ),
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }

  void _initSDK() async {
  }

  void _addChatListener() {
  }

  void _signIn() async {
  }

  void _signOut() async {
  }

  void _signUp() async {
  }

  void _sendMessage() async {
  }

  void _addLogToConsole(String log) {
    _logText.add(_timeString + ": " + log);
    setState(() {
      scrollController.jumpTo(scrollController.position.maxScrollExtent);
    });
  }

  String get _timeString {
    return DateTime.now().toString().split(".").first;
  }
}

初始化 SDK

_initSDK 方法中添加 SDK 初始化:

void _initSDK() async {
    EMOptions options = EMOptions(
      appKey: "<#Your AppKey#>",
      autoLogin: false,
    );
    await EMClient.getInstance.init(options);
    // 通知sdk ui已经准备好,执行后才会收到`EMChatRoomEventHandler`,`EMContactEventHandler`, `EMGroupEventHandler` 事件。
    await EMClient.getInstance.startCallback();
  }

添加注册环信ID代码

Demo 中使用 sdk 注册环信id,此操作需要在环信后台开启 开放注册 ,在生产环境中,可以由你的后台调用环信rest api 进行注册。

_signUp 方法中添加注册代码。

void _signUp() async {
  if (_username.isEmpty || _password.isEmpty) {
    _addLogToConsole("username or password is null");
    return;
  }

  try {
    _addLogToConsole("begin create account...");
    await EMClient.getInstance.createAccount(_username, _password);
    _addLogToConsole("create account succeed, username: $_username");
  } on EMError catch (e) {
    _addLogToConsole(
        "create account failed, code: ${e.code}, desc: ${e.description}");
  }
}

添加登录

_signIn 方法中添加登录代码。

void _signUp() async {
  if (_username.isEmpty || _password.isEmpty) {
    _addLogToConsole("username or password is null");
    return;
  }

  try {
    _addLogToConsole("begin create account...");
    await EMClient.getInstance.createAccount(_username, _password);
    _addLogToConsole("create account succeed, username: $_username");
  } on EMError catch (e) {
    _addLogToConsole(
        "create account failed, code: ${e.code}, desc: ${e.description}");
  }
}

添加退出

_signOut 方法中添加退出代码。

void _signOut() async {
    try {
      await EMClient.getInstance.logout(true);
      _addLogToConsole("sign out succeed");
    } on EMError catch (e) {
      _addLogToConsole(
          "sign out failed, code: ${e.code}, desc: ${e.description}");
    }
  }

添加发消息

_sendMessage 方法中添加发消息代码。

void _sendMessage() async {
    if (_chatId.isEmpty || _messageContent.isEmpty) {
      _addLogToConsole("single chat id or message content is null");
      return;
    }

    var msg = EMMessage.createTxtSendMessage(
      targetId: _chatId,
      content: _messageContent,
    );
    msg.setMessageStatusCallBack(MessageStatusCallBack(
      onSuccess: () {
        _addLogToConsole("send message succeed");
      },
      onError: (e) {
        _addLogToConsole(
          "send message failed, code: ${e.code}, desc: ${e.description}",
        );
      },
    ));
    EMClient.getInstance.chatManager.sendMessage(msg);
  }

添加收消息监听

_addChatListener 方法中添加代码。

void _addChatListener() {
  EMClient.getInstance.chatManager.addEventHandler(
    // EMChatEventHandle 对应的 key。
    "UNIQUE_HANDLER_ID",
    EMChatEventHandler(
      onMessagesReceived: (messages) {
        for (var msg in messages) {
          switch (msg.body.type) {
            case MessageType.TXT:
              {
                EMTextMessageBody body = msg.body as EMTextMessageBody;
                _addLogToConsole(
                  "receive text message: ${body.content}, from: ${msg.from}",
                );
              }
              break;
            case MessageType.IMAGE:
              {
                _addLogToConsole(
                  "receive image message, from: ${msg.from}",
                );
              }
              break;
            case MessageType.VIDEO:
              {
                _addLogToConsole(
                  "receive video message, from: ${msg.from}",
                );
              }
              break;
            case MessageType.LOCATION:
              {
                _addLogToConsole(
                  "receive location message, from: ${msg.from}",
                );
              }
              break;
            case MessageType.VOICE:
              {
                _addLogToConsole(
                  "receive voice message, from: ${msg.from}",
                );
              }
              break;
            case MessageType.FILE:
              {
                _addLogToConsole(
                  "receive image message, from: ${msg.from}",
                );
              }
              break;
            case MessageType.CUSTOM:
              {
                _addLogToConsole(
                  "receive custom message, from: ${msg.from}",
                );
              }
              break;
            case MessageType.CMD:
              {
                // 当前回调中不会有 CMD 类型消息,CMD 类型消息通过 `EMChatEventHandler#onCmdMessagesReceived` 回调接收
              }
              break;
          }
        }
      },
    ),
  );
}

移除消息监听

dispose 中添加代码移除监听:

@override
void dispose() {
  EMClient.getInstance.chatManager.removeEventHandler("UNIQUE_HANDLER_ID");
  super.dispose();
}

以 iOS 为例,首先打开模拟器,之后在终端输入。

flutter run

运行结果如下:

参考以下步骤发送和接收文本消息:

  1. 输入任意用户名(如 flutter001flutter002)和密码 1,点击 SIGN UP 创建用户;
  2. flutter001 身份登录 Demo,将 Enter the username you want to send 输如为 flutter002, 发送文本消息;

  1. flutter002 身份登录 Demo,查看 Log 信息确认是否都到消息。

为保障通信安全,在正式生产环境中,你需要在自己的 app 服务端生成 Token。详见使用 Token 鉴权